Sociolinguistics: Speech communities

Speech Community is a group of people who speak the same language and share the same dialect, words and grammar rules of a language as a standard. These individuals also share the understanding of at least one language so that they may communicate with each other.

Example: In transgender communities, they use particular vocabulary such as “akika” to change the word “aku” and “begindang” to change the word “begitu”. When they making transaction, “berapose” that means “berapa” or to say “benar” by saying “ember”.

In Speech communities, there are:

1.      Intersecting communities: language that used from communities such as like we know people is baliness, batakness, sundaness by looking their word, accent, intonation and also dialect.

    

2.      Network and repertoire:  it is show that a person can be part of various speech communities by an interaction in network and repertoires is various language variotion that have got from network.

Questions:

1.      Is slang include of speech communities?

2.      Is it possible one speech communities used by the other communities?

3.      Why speech communities exist?

Answer: to make the people in community are enjoyable to interact each other and to  improve their language abilities that used in social activities.

Answers:

1.      Yes, it is. Because slang is created from communities and it expand to be an informal language for some country that they often use slang in their communities.

2.      yes, it is possible. But it can be a good or bad word, if the user use it correctly and know that meaning.

3.      to make the people in community are enjoyable to interact each other and to  improve their language abilities that used in social activities.

Sociolinguistics: Code Switching and Code Mixing

Code Switching is changing the language directly from one language to another language.

Example: when first speakers use java language to her friends to talk about new restaurant. Then, her friend use Indonesia language to response. so, to make each other understand, first speaker changing java language to Indonesia language.

Code Mixing: using two or more language when talking to people.

Example: Tadi i mau mengajak you buat pergi ke market la.

Questions:

1.      What is the benefit we learn code switching and code mixing?
2.      Is this study flexsible to use in all situation?
3.      Differences english and arrabic code mixing?

Answers

1.      its benefit to make creation of language among people with different style make us to know more about variation language in our life. And with code mixing help us to have ability to use two or more language.

Sociolinguistics: Pidgins and Creoles

Pidgins and Creoles

Pidgins is a new language with simple structure that create by small community for communication with others who come from different region with different language. Pidgins does not have any native speakers. Example: in trade and colonization. Creoles is a language that develop from pidgins and used as mother tongue and has native speakers.

Question

1.     Give more explanation about creoles and example?

Answer: Creoles may not always develop out of pidgins but through the mixing of two or more languages over generations. If there are always native speakers in this situation, then there was never a pidgin. For ex: Papua Nugini language

2.      What is the benefits we learn pidgins and creoles for teacher?

Answer: When we teach our students, we can add the student’s knowledge with the other materi so that the students be enthusiasm with our material and they can know new language.

3.      What is the relationship between pidgins, creoles and sociolinguistics?

Answer: Sociolinguistics is the study of the language used in social. Pidgin that used in certain situation. Such as salesman from Indonesia and stranger from England. Each them cannot understand language each other so salesman say the simple word to sales, like:

Peri chip (very cheap)

Pip            (five)

Tosen       (thousand)

Creoles is mother tongue that is develop from pidgin and they connected by lingua franca.

So pidgin, creoles and sociolinguistics have a relationship because they are a language that used in social.

Conclusion

Pidgins and Creoles is a social language that create by small social group to understand each others.

Sociolinguistics: Language, Dialect, and Varieties

Unless a human being has a physical or mental disability, he or she will be born with the capacity for language: the innate ability to speak a language, or in the case of someone who is deaf, to sign a language (i.e. use gestures to communicate). his capacity does not involve any kind of  learning – a young child, for instance, does not need to be taught to speak or sign – and occurs in predictable stages, beginning with the babbling cries of an infant and culminating in the full speaking abilities of an adult. Language is many things; it can be a system of communication, a medium for thought, vehicle for literary expression, a matter for political controversy, a catalyst for nation building (O’Grady & Dobrovolsky, 1989: 1 in Imansyah, 2008:1).

The terms of variety language are emerged due to different systems reflecting different varieties of the human condition. Variety is a specific set of ‘linguistic items’ or ‘human speech patterns’ (presumably, sounds, words, grammatical features, etc.) which we can connect with some external factor apparently, a geographical area or a social group (Hudson, 1996; Ferguson, 1972 and Wardhaugh, 2006).

Wardhaugh (2006) distinguish the terms language and dialect as follow:Lower part of variety language is dialect and as the main part is language, therefore we can say that Texas English and Swiss German are dialects of English and German. Some languages have more than one dialect for instance English are spoken in various dialects.

Questions :

Why sociolect related to social background rather than geographical background? (Mike)

            Answer: social background is the social language that we used in daily activities in our social group. But, geographical backgroud is the language that we used in our region. Example: someone who come from Sumatra Barat, based on his region, he used minang language( geographical background). But, when he move to Java, by the time his dialect will be change to java language because his social group used java language( social backgorund).

Please show more example of regional dialect and sicial dialect? (Ratna)

            Answer: regional dialect: ma lay language(Riau), minang language(west Sumatra), batak language(North Sumatra). social dialect: teacher-students, parents-children, manager-staff(social group)

Explain differentiate between language and dialect! (Asep)

            Answer: language is a way from many region to communication. Whatever language, minangness, java, and another. Language only one. Dialect have many differend between regional, include intonation, the way dialect is produces, and other.

How can language have many differences, example language a country different to another country? (TM)

            Answer: people live in difference regional and social background. Wilayah dan lingkungan sosial mempengaruhi lahirnya suatu bahasa, karena setiap orang di setiap wilayah membutuhkan bahasa untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang yang ada di lingkungan sekitarnya.

At pages 28 in our course book, language and dialect is ambiguous term. So what is mean?? (Desi)

            Answer: No one really knows what is language real mean. Sometimes language have ambigu meaning. Example : Iam fine, means someon still in good condition or good feeling. But in Fact, Iam fine is not always means okay, but also, something wrong happened with someone’s feeling. By that case, we see that language and dialect is ambiguous.

Conclusion

Every language have variation and dialect. Its depend on the region and social background.

Sociolinguistics: Introduction to sociolinguistics

Hallo good reader, welcome back to my blog!. Ok, now I want to share our new course called Sociolinguistics with the topic Introduction to Sociolinguistics. This topic presented by Asri Laraswati, Shela Safhira, and TM.Ridhani. this post will share my conclusion with some of questions and answers from my friends, when this topic is presented. Ok fix, let us play!

Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It concerned with the difference language used in different social context. Also, investigating how people used language and how  language is work in different region/area.

Questions

1.      Siti Rafiah: Why dialect and accent are included into sociolinguistics?

Answer:  sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. Different region/area will show different manner of speaking. Example : Minangnese and Javanese have different manner of speaking.

2.      Hotdiana Pasaribu: The example of sociolinguistics and sociology of language?

Answer: Sociolinguistics is the usual language that we use in everyday. Example: ayo jalan-jalan!

Sociology of language: is effect from using the language itself in society. Example: jenjalan yuksss! (presenter)

3.      Febti Mahani Batubara: What is the difference between dialect an accent ?

Answer: accent and dialect is the manner of speaking. But dialect larger than accent. Accent explain about the language used in region, community and the language used informal. For example: penggunaan bahasa  orang didesa lebih sopan daripada dikota. Dialect is used in education, politic, business area and the language used formal. (presenter)

Conclusion

Sociolinguistics is variations of language in geographically/region.

POLYSEMY